Abstract
Phycocyanin is a powerful natural antioxidant from Arthrospira platensis. In this study, crude phycocyanin (crPC) was extracted, and its ability to protect fibroblast from hydroxyl peroxide (H2O2) in vitro was determined. crPC was extracted from Spirulina by a step-by-step method: 1/cell breaking by a repeated freezing/thawing method; 2/contaminant removal by 8% active charcoal and ammonium sulfate 15%; 3/phycocyanin obtaining by ammonium sulfate 50% and dialysis. Abilities of crPC 6, 12.5, 25, 50 and 75 μg/mL in inducing cell proliferation and migration were tested on fibroblasts. The protective ability of crPC against oxidative stress of H2O2 was determined on fibroblasts as the following method: fibroblasts were pretreated with crPC 25 μg/mL for 24 h before exposing to H2O2 175 μM for 90 min (experimental group). Then cell viability, cell phase and senescence β-galactosidase expression were evaluated. The results showed that: PI of crPC was 2.79 ± 0.03 and concentration was 1.13 ± 0.05 (n = 5). crPC below 150 μg/ml was non-toxic to fibroblasts and crPC above 25 μg/mL stimulated cell proliferation (doubling time was 44.5 ± 1.2 h, n = 3) and migration (24 h, n = 3). Compared to control group (cells were treated only with H2O2 175 μM), cell viability in the experimental group was higher (79.3 ± 5.4% vs. 53.4 ± 2.3%, n = 3) and cell ratio in G0/G1 and senescence β-galactosidase expression was lower (78.7 ± 4.1% vs. 85.8 ± 6.1%) (22.8 ± 4.6% vs. 68.4 ± 6.8%). Conclusion: crPC was extracted successfully from Arthospira platensis, and crPC 25 μg/mL was able to protect fibroblast against oxidative stress of H2O2.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsReferences
Jung F, Krüger-Genge A et al (2019) Spirulina platensis, a super food? J Cell Biotech 5:43–54
de Morais MG, da Fontoura Prates D et al (2018) Phycocyanin from microalgae: properties, extraction and purification, with some recent applications. Ind Biotech 14:30–37
İlter I, Akyıl S et al (2018) Optimization of phycocyanin extraction from Spirulina platensis using different techniques. J Food Compos Anal 70:78–88. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfca.2018.04.007
Tu Y, Quan TJC (2016) Oxidative stress and human skin connective tissue aging 3:28. https://doi.org/10.3390/cosmetics3030028
Wang B (2011) Photoaging: a review of current concepts of pathogenesis. J Cutan Med Surg 15(Suppl 1):S374–S377. https://doi.org/10.2310/7750.2011.00006
Madhyastha HK, Radha KS et al (2008) uPA dependent and independent mechanisms of wound healing by C-phycocyanin. J Cell Mol Med 12:2691–2703. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1582-4934.2008.00272.x
Gur CS, Erdogan DK et al (2013) In vitro and in vivo investigations of the wound healing effect of crude Spirulina extract and C-phycocyanin. J Med Plants Res 7:425–433
Madhyastha H, Madhyastha R et al (2012) Regulation of growth factors-associated cell migration by C-phycocyanin scaffold in dermal wound healing. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 39:13–19. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1681.2011.05627.x
Chaiklahan R, Chirasuwan N et al (2018) Stepwise extraction of high-value chemicals from Arthrospira (Spirulina) and an economic feasibility study. Biotechnol Rep (Amst) 20:e00280–e00280. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.btre.2018.e00280
Safaei M, Maleki H et al (2019) Development of a novel method for the purification of C-phycocyanin pigment from a local cyanobacterial strain Limnothrix sp. NS01 and evaluation of its anticancer properties. Sci Rep 9:9474. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-45905-6
Aslantürk ÖS (2018) In vitro cytotoxicity and cell viability assays: principles, advantages, and disadvantages. https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.71923
Hao S, Li S et al (2019) C-phycocyanin suppresses the in vitro proliferation and migration of non-small-cell lung cancer cells through reduction of RIPK1/NF-κB Activity. Mar Drugs 17:362. https://doi.org/10.3390/md17060362
Jonkman JEN, Cathcart JA et al (2014) An introduction to the wound healing assay using live-cell microscopy. Cell Adh Migr 8:440–451. https://doi.org/10.4161/cam.36224
Dimozi A, Mavrogonatou E et al (2015) Oxidative stress inhibits the proliferation, induces premature senescence and promotes a catabolic phenotype in human nucleus pulposus intervertebral disc cells. Eur Cell Mater 30:89–102; discussion 103. https://doi.org/10.22203/ecm.v030a07
Liu Q, Huang Y et al (2016) Medical application of Spirulina platensis derived C-phycocyanin. Evid Based Complement Altern Med 2016:7803846. https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/7803846
Gunes S, Tamburaci S et al (2017) In vitro evaluation of Spirulina platensis extract incorporated skin cream with its wound healing and antioxidant activities. Pharm Biol 55:1824–1832. https://doi.org/10.1080/13880209.2017.1331249
Rodrigues M, Kosaric N et al (2018) Wound healing: a cellular perspective. Physiol Rev 99:665–706. https://doi.org/10.1152/physrev.00067.2017
Gonzalez ACdO, Costa TF et al (2016) Wound healing—a literature review. Anais brasileiros de dermatologia 91:614–620. https://doi.org/10.1590/abd1806-4841.20164741
Lago JC, Puzzi MB (2019) The effect of aging in primary human dermal fibroblasts. PLoS ONE 14:e0219165. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0219165
Tigges J, Krutmann J et al (2014) The hallmarks of fibroblast ageing. Mech Ageing Dev 138:26–44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mad.2014.03.004
Bladier C, Wolvetang EJ et al (1997) Response of a primary human fibroblast cell line to H2O2: senescence-like growth arrest or apoptosis? Cell Growth Differ 8:589–598
Sander CS, Chang H et al (2002) Photoaging is associated with protein oxidation in human skin in vivo. J Invest Dermatol 118:618–625. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1523-1747.2002.01708.x
Shin MH, Rhie GE et al (2005) H2O2 accumulation by catalase reduction changes MAP kinase signaling in aged human skin in vivo. J Invest Dermatol 125:221–229. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0022-202X.2005.23823.x
Ou Y, Zheng S et al (2010) Protective effect of C-phycocyanin against carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatocyte damage in vitro and in vivo. Chem Biol Interact 185:94–100. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cbi.2010.03.013
Niu Y-J, Zhou W et al (2017) C-Phycocyanin protects against mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress in parthenogenetic porcine embryos. Sci Rep 7:16992. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-17287-0
Liang S, Guo J et al (2018) C-Phycocyanin supplementation during in vitro maturation enhances pre-implantation developmental competence of parthenogenetic and cloned embryos in pigs. Theriogenology 106:69–78. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2017.09.001
Conflicts of Interest
The authors have no conflict of interest to declare.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2022 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this paper
Cite this paper
To, Q.M. et al. (2022). Study on Extracting Crude Phycocyanin from Spirulina Algae and Determining Its Ability in Protecting Fibroblasts from Oxidative Stress of Hydroxyl Peroxide. In: Van Toi, V., Nguyen, TH., Long, V.B., Huong, H.T.T. (eds) 8th International Conference on the Development of Biomedical Engineering in Vietnam. BME 2020. IFMBE Proceedings, vol 85. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-75506-5_54
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-75506-5_54
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-75505-8
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-75506-5
eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)